larsxie,
check this
http://www.mjusticia.es/cs/Satellite?c=Documento&cid=1161677941215&pagename=Portal_del_ciudadano/Documento/TempDocumento
there are two things you need from the philippines, the filipino birth certificate and nbi clearance. authenticated up to the spanish consulate.
translated into spanish either by the spanish consulate in manila or the philippine consulate in madrid.
the rest of the requirements are only available in spain.
while the application is in process you will have to be legal resident in spain.
the first residence card is for a year. then for two years, then for two years. it is dependent on your having a job. so you will have to be working at least for 6 months prior to the renewal of the card.